2/20/13
With the large number of varying screen resolutions available on today’s HTML5 gaming devices, it is now advisable to give some consideration to incorporating vector graphics into your games.
SVG, or Scalable Vector Graphics, is an open standard, XML-based format developed by the W3C for representing vector graphics. Using SVG files for HTML5 game development is the main focus of this article.
Vector Graphics
Adobe Flash developers have long enjoyed the ease with which they can create attractive and, somewhat more importantly for browser-based games, scalable vector graphics.
Advantages of employing vector graphics for HTML5 game development include:
- Scalability without loss of clarity
- Manipulation of individual components
- Client-side, rather than server-side, processing
- Potential for animation and, almost certainly, interaction.
Let us address each in turn, using the following SVG file created using an open source vector graphics editor.
Scalability
The capability to scale vector graphics without losing image quality is the primary benefit of using SVG files. Given the varying screen resolutions of the devices on which people are today playing HTML5 games, SVG files provide the most pleasing result when scaled.
Let’s use our beast SVG file to demonstrate.
The image on the left is the result of scaling the vector graphics version of our beast. Lines remain clean and clarity is retained.
In the the image on the right, the result of scaling the bitmapped version of the same region of our beast produces a rendered result with considerably less definition. Edges of primitives are noticeably pixelated.
Manipulating Individual Components
Because vector graphics are composed of primitives, it is possible to translate, rotate, and scale individual components of the image independently.
We can also group primitives and assign the group a unique identifier so that we can manipulate entire regions of the image without disturbing the other components.
Processed Client-Side
The contents of a SVG file is processed by the Web browser. SVG files themselves are based on XML, and therefore can be manipulated further before rendering.
This is what our SVG file looks like internally:
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Handing off processing of the SVG files to the client reduces the amount of processing effort required on the server and SVG files can result in a smaller file size than the bitmapped equivalent. This can reduce the consumption of valuable network bandwidth when transferring your games assets to the browser.
Because SVG files are just text, they compress rather well using gzip via the Content-Encoding header too.
Animation and Interaction
Having the capability to explcitly refer to grouped components of a SVG file means that the potential exists for animating individual portions of the art assets that you create.
Inkscape
The extension itself was written in Python by Karlisson Bezerra and is licensed under the MIT license.
Usage is incredibly straightforward. After installing the extension, you need only select the HTML5 output option in the Save As dialog to generate the canvas code that draws your image.
The ink2canvas extension is capable of exporting lines, rectangles, circles, ellipses, paths, and text. It handles polylines and polygons, basic text attributes, and fills and strokes.
Caveats
However, there are a few shortcomings with in2canvas at present.
- The generated code isn’t particuarly pretty
- Gradients aren’t supported.
The JavaScript source code produced by the ink2canvas extension is rather messy. Mostly due to the way in which various units and transforms are applied.
Additionally, without gradient support your SVG files can look considerably less appealing.
For these reasons, you are encouraged to keep your SVG files reasonably simple and apply additional embellishments after you have generated the JavaScript.
Do not forget that ink2canvas is available on GitHub, so if you are feeling particularly adventurous you might consider implementing some of ink2canvas’s missing features.
Canvg
Due to inconsistent rendering of SVG files across different browsers and in an effort to overcome some of ink2canvas’s missing features, we’ll now explore an alternative approach using canvg.
This article was reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation. This site does business with Microsoft Corporation.
